National Rifle Association (NRA) Continues to Feed Its Readers Demonstrable Lies and Distortions


The gun lobby’s favorite pieces of research – a 1995 study by Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz that reported an astounding 2.5 million defense gun uses each year in the United States. Yep, you read it right.

The Kleck study claims that 2.5 million times per year, someone uses a gun to defend themselves. That’s more defensive gun uses than happened in WWII in Europe in 1944.  The Kleck study is so flawed the only thing it measures is the wild imagination of gun owners.

As recently as this month, the NRA referenced Kleck’s deeply flawed and thoroughly refuted study AGAIN in their  magazine, America’s 1st Freedom.

Bucky2Gun4250With the help of liars like Alan Korwin and others, the NRA continues to feed its readers demonstrable lies and distortions.

Here, for your reference, is a short list of the may peer reviewed, refereed, academic articles published that clearly refute Kleck’s astronomical claim.*

The ultimate proof the Kleck claim is bullshit, is the fact that despite spending 35 million dollars/year to deceive the public and threaten politicians, in fourteen years since the study, the gun lobby has funded numerous FAILED attempts to repeat Kleck’s study.

*It should be noted that Gary Kleck has refused to defend his study ever since it was published.

Note to readers: OneUtah is a leading publisher of accurate, trustworthy, legal and scientific information about gun rights, guns, violence, gun violence and the psychology of CCP holders. Read more about guns and meet the gun lobby.

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  1. #1 by mikeb302000 - November 2nd, 2009 at 06:15

    You’re absolutely right, Cliff. Even many of the pro-gun folks I know don’t mention this one. Others do, and repeat it like a mantra hoping to increase its credibility.

  2. #2 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 07:40

    Cliff,

    Readership getting low at OneUtah again?

    I’ve wondered about the pattern of your posting anti-firearm screeds.

    Do you only post anti-rights screeds about firearms when you stats drop off?

    Or do you post when aren’t getting enough attention?

    And of course, I can’t forget to mention one of your biggest fans: MikeB302000 liar, lying criminal or criminal.

    I’ll give you credit for one thing, you aren’t even trying to hide your bias or that of the groups you support.

    Really, Berkeley Media Studies Group as a reference?

    From their webpage

    Media Advocacy Planning

    Organizations that want to change policy or influence decision-makers enlist BMSG to help them develop a media advocacy plan, a message strategy, and an access strategy for becoming part of the public debate in the news media.

    I like this section, it is extremely apt I think

    Case Studies

    BMSG has been commissioned to tell stories of how local groups apply media advocacy to change policy.

    And about that study?
    Aren’t you the one deriding anything not peer reviewed?

    Prepared for the “Strengthening the Public Health Debate on Handguns, Crime, and Safety” meeting,
    October 14 & 15, 1999, Chicago, IL, with support from the Joyce Foundation

    Doesn’t appear to be peer reviewed does it? It looks like was brought and paid for by the anti-freedom Joyce Foundation

  3. #3 by Is it getting warm in here? - November 2nd, 2009 at 08:40

    “Demon strable” said digby, pointing at the waxen scatter, “sure fire sign of vampires, the dead giveaway is the reader distortion”. The needle flickered anxiously on the NRA gauge, the result 2.5 million parts per year.

    “That thing must be lying, because from the depth of the bat shit, there would appear to be more of a concentration than this”. “Bat’s shit and vampires always a sign of each other I always say”, commented one of the readers attending digby.

    “It’s why when chasing ghosts I always bring my .45, never know when you need to make another ghost”. digby cast his disapproving eye on the fellow, as if to warn him, that there was only one boss on this caboose. The hunt continued, they had to be in here somewhere.

  4. #4 by Cliff Lyon - November 2nd, 2009 at 08:49

    Ok Bob S,

    Lets use your standard. I listed 5 peer reviewed analysis. You listed how many that support Kleck?

    Zero.

    Is that what you consider winning an argument?

    Answer this: If Kleck’s numbers are even close to real, why has no one, NOT ONE, not even a biased pro-gun funded group even ATTEMPT to reproduce the Kleck study.

    You DO realize, that would put this discussion to bed?

    NOT ONE Bob S! NOT EVEN ONE!

  5. #5 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 09:18

    Given the nature of your response, I would say that readership stats are down.

    You’ve been over this before Cliff. Multiple times.

    Interesting how you don’t address that.

    How far off has readership fallen since the last time you’ve started a gun control thread?

  6. #6 by Cliff Lyon - November 2nd, 2009 at 09:51

    Do you want to see the stats Bob? I’ve posted them many times.

    I can assure you, the gun discussion probably drives more people away than it attracts.

  7. #7 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 10:17

    Cliff,

    Sure, let’s see the stats.

    I like your qualifier in there. Do you break down stats by author, by post?

    I don’t doubt you get traffic. My wondering just has to do with your personality and you personally.

    Are you just trying to attract attention, get the pro-rights blogs talking and linking to your attempts to restrict our rights?

    Maybe if you hold your breathe until we talk about you or stomp your feet in the middle of some retail establishment we’ll give you want you want: attention. Is that why you do it?

    And as far as a peer reviewed study supporting Kleck and Gertz, How about this one sponsored by the Clinton administration?

    Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF
    respondents (0.8 percent of the sample),
    representing 1.5 million defensive users. This
    estimate is directly comparable to the well-known
    estimate of Kleck and Gertz, shown in the last
    column of exhibit 7. While the NSPOF estimate is smaller, it is statistically plausible that the
    difference is due to sampling error. Inclusion of multiple DGUs reported by half of the 19 NSPOF
    respondents increases the estimate to 4.7 million
    DGUs.

    Some troubling comparisons. If the DGU numbers are
    in the right ballpark, millions of attempted
    assaults, thefts, and break-ins were foiled by
    armed citizens during the 12-month period.
    According to these results, guns are used far more
    often to defend against crime than to perpetrate
    crime. (Firearms were used by perpetrators in 1.07
    million incidents of violent crime in 1994,
    according to NCVS data.)

  8. #8 by Richard Warnick - November 2nd, 2009 at 10:22

    I don’t know where Cliff is getting his World War II info, but it’s an interesting subject. S.L.A. Marshall’s famous assertion that only 15 percent of American riflemen fired their weapons in combat in WW II wasn’t based on real research. The truth is complicated, but mainly comes down to the fact that in a given battle a lot of soldiers didn’t come into contact with the enemy.

    “In a divisional assault—one by the book—one regiment is kept in reserve, two are committed in the attack. In each of the attacking regiments, one battalion is in reserve; in each battalion, one company is in reserve, and in each of the two assaulting companies one platoon is in reserve. Assuming rifle-company combat strength of 125 men, you come up with 1,500 men moving forward against the enemy out of a division of 13,000 men. That makes a possible 11,500 men in a day’s action who didn’t fire—because they would have had no occasion to.”

    There are 226 million adult Americans, including 6.7 million in prison, on parole or probation. Some 30 percent own firearms, and 67 percent of gun owners cite protection against crime as a reason. That gives us 44 million people who have armed themselves against crime.

    In our hypothetical World War II battle, 11.5 percent of infantrymen may have encountered an opportunity to fire their personal weapons. Even if you count all three million Allied soldiers on the Western Front as riflemen, that’s at most 345,000 who saw the enemy. If you take 11.5 percent of our 44 million would-be crime fighters, that translates into 5 million opportunities to use a gun in self-defense– under WW II battlefield conditions.

    So, the battle between armed private individuals and criminals in America today rages at 15 times the intensity of World War II?

  9. #9 by James farmer - November 2nd, 2009 at 11:11

    Are you just trying to attract attention, get the pro-rights blogs talking and linking to your attempts to restrict our rights?

    Bob:

    Per usual, you incite the argument with NRA-type rhetoric. We all agree that some restrictions are required on gun ownership; our modern society demands such be the case. Thus, your point above would be more well taken had you referred to “attempts to reasonably restrict” rather than the far more onerous posture “attempts to restrict.” Sorry, but like it or not, your so-called “rights” will be restricted; the question is, however, where to draw the line of “reasonable.”

  10. #10 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 11:27

    James,

    First, I don’t agree that the proposals and ideas floated here by you, Cliff and others are reasonable.

    So, why would I want to dignify those unreasonable restrictions with that phrase?

    You are right about where to draw the law of “reasonable”.

    Isn’t reasonable to ask for evidence? To have the further restrictions of our rights proposed show some evidence, some shred of factual basis in reducing crime ?

    The social utility theory is great but at what point do gun control advocates like you stop?

    If one new law reduced the approximate 250,000 deaths and injuries by 25%, would you stop there?

    Would the other gun control advocates?

    How about if another law reduced that approximately 187,500 deaths and injuries by another 25%, would you or the other advocates stop?

    Now, with just two hypothetical laws deaths and injuries would be down nearly 44$…..how much more would you want to restrict my rights?

    See that is the problem with social utility theory, that will continue to restrict our rights forever. Always claiming they are just trying to ’save lives’.
    And still people like you and Cliff would claim each new law needed would be reasonable, right?

    Cliff is on the record as wanting to ban all handguns and heavily regulate rifles and shotguns…when would he stop?

    All the while, ignoring the lives saved by the defensive use of firearms.

    While claiming to push for laws to save lives, how many lives would be lost because more people wouldn’t be able to defend themselves?

    How many more rapes would happen because it was “reasonable” to restrict handgun ownership like Chicago does?

    How many more home invasions and the deaths or injuries from them would happen because the police never got around to approving someone’s application to purchase a firearm (Illinois requires approval simply to purchase a firearm)?

    Do you have any evidence to show that criminals would simply stop committing crimes because it was more expensive for them to buy a firearm?
    Or would they just switch to another tool or just gang up on people?

    I see nothing reasonable at all in any of the suggestions in additional gun control laws.

  11. #11 by Cliff Lyon - November 2nd, 2009 at 14:32

    Bob S,

    I think you are getting stuck on the fear of having your own rights restricted.

    Thats a big problem. If the gun rights crowd is unwilling to engage in a discussion of policies that restrict your gun rights, then I don’t see much reason to have the discussion with you.

    Its like discussing health care reform with Republicans. Its a waste of time.

    So from here, it looks like the solutions will not be ones that are negotiated with the gun lobby, but in spite of the gun lobby.

    Its hard to accept the idea that the founding fathers meant for 2a to become such a pervasive, sacrosanct individual right that it would virtually trump the rights of society to pursue more peaceful, safer communities.

    You guys have been very clear about your solution, that everyone arm up and get trained.

    That idea is of course so utterly insane, you must understand why no one, except other gun freaks, will take you seriously.

  12. #12 by Cliff Lyon - November 2nd, 2009 at 14:39

    Richard, I just pre-supposed that 2.5m defensive gun uses was more than most any year in WWII.

    The point is that the 2.5million/year number, if true conjures up a society as violent as one at war on their own soil.

    In other words, if someone told you that people in some big country used guns 2.5 million times/year to defend themselves, one would assume that one were describing intense, conventional land-based war, with battles, sniping, rioting, rampaging, gang-raping, and full on daylight pillaging.

    have you noticed that Bob and friends refuse to answer the big elephant question….if Klecks numbers were even close to reality, the NRA would have kicked in some funding to reproduce the study.

  13. #13 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 15:00

    Cliff,

    We try to discuss it and come to a compromise.

    We’ve asked, many many times, if we agree to another law; which law that restricts our rights are you willing to see repealed.

    The answer is always the same. You don’t want a single law restricting our rights taken off the books. Yet you want more and more laws in place.

    In what altered state of reality does that define “compromise”?

    So from here, it looks like the solutions will not be ones that are negotiated with the gun lobby, but in spite of the gun lobby.

    Solutions???

    Solution to what Cliff?
    Nothing you’ve suggested will stop crime. Nothing you’ve suggested has even been shown to be effective at reducing crime.

    From the CDC:

    During 2000–2002, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force), an independent nonfederal task force, conducted a systematic review of scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of firearms laws in preventing violence, including violent crimes, suicide, and unintentional injury. The following laws were evaluated: bans on specified firearms or ammunition, restrictions on firearm acquisition, waiting periods for firearm acquisition, firearm registration and licensing of firearm owners, “shall issue” concealed weapon carry laws, child access prevention laws, zero tolerance laws for firearms in schools, and combinations of firearms laws. The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of any of the firearms laws or combinations of laws reviewed on violent outcomes. (Note that insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness should not be interpreted as evidence of ineffectiveness.)

    Let’s repeat that again for the folks who just don’t get it.

    The CDC looked at the following laws:
    bans on specified firearms or ammunition, restrictions on firearm acquisition, waiting periods for firearm acquisition, firearm registration and licensing of firearm owners, “shall issue” concealed weapon carry laws, child access prevention laws, zero tolerance laws for firearms in schools, and combinations of firearms laws.

    And found what???

    The Task Force found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of any of the firearms laws or combinations of laws reviewed on violent outcomes.

    Insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness — of the laws you propose as solutions!!

    Surely if the “solutions” were anything of the sort, the CDC would be able to find some evidence some where that they actually worked, right?

    You guys have been very clear about your solution, that everyone arm up and get trained.

    Then you go and show your true gun control stripes by simply lying. (at least you are in good company, right MikeB302000?)

    We don’t propose that everyone arm up, we propose that people like you stop interfering with their right to do so.

    We, unlike you, aren’t out to make people do what they don’t want to. We want to give them the freedom to decide and to act on that decision.

    And to be able to act on that decision without having to jump through hurdles that create financial, administrative or legal barriers to their right to protect themselves.

    Are you being deliberately obtuse or do you really just have a problem reading?

    I cited a study that supported Kleck and Gertz’s numbers and provided the citation. ON this post and another.

    Bob S. :
    Cliff,

    And as far as a peer reviewed study supporting Kleck and Gertz, How about this one sponsored by the Clinton administration?
    Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF
    respondents (0.8 percent of the sample),
    representing 1.5 million defensive users. This
    estimate is directly comparable to the well-known
    estimate of Kleck and Gertz, shown in the last
    column of exhibit 7. While the NSPOF estimate is smaller, it is statistically plausible that the
    difference is due to sampling error. Inclusion of multiple DGUs reported by half of the 19 NSPOF
    respondents increases the estimate to 4.7 million
    DGUs.
    Some troubling comparisons. If the DGU numbers are
    in the right ballpark, millions of attempted
    assaults, thefts, and break-ins were foiled by
    armed citizens during the 12-month period.
    According to these results, guns are used far more
    often to defend against crime than to perpetrate
    crime. (Firearms were used by perpetrators in 1.07
    million incidents of violent crime in 1994,
    according to NCVS data.)

  14. #14 by James farmer - November 2nd, 2009 at 15:18

    Bob S.:

    For completeness, let’s reiterate the parenthetical following the CDC study:

    (Note that insufficient evidence to determine effectiveness should not be interpreted as evidence of ineffectiveness.)

    Not sure why that part got left out of your follow on discussion re the Task Force findings. Indeed, at best, the parenthetical relegates the results of the study to an equipoise draw (no pun intended).

  15. #15 by Bob S. - November 2nd, 2009 at 15:41

    James,

    Again, shouldn’t in this case the tie go to liberty?

    Insufficient evidence is clearly not proof that the laws work.

    If you advocate greater and greater restrictions on our freedoms, shouldn’t the burden of proof be on you?

  16. #16 by jdberger - November 2nd, 2009 at 15:43

    Cliff,

    You recieved a number of links to peer reviewed studies when you privately emailed Dave Hardy, myself and Alan Korwin.

    Doncha remember?

    This was the email where you mused about “putting a bullet” in Korwin’s head.

    Shame shame, Cliffy.

    How’s the anger management thing coming? Smack any smart-ass kids lately?

  17. #17 by cav - November 2nd, 2009 at 15:54

    I would add that it is not only in the area of gun ownership that freedoms are being restricted. It’s just that guns are so easy to descriminate against, and the color of ones skin is sooo yesterday.

    Affordable, quality food, water, air and energy are gettin to be premiums only the uber wealthy will be affording before long.

  18. #18 by James farmer - November 2nd, 2009 at 17:18

    Bob:

    Cav raises an interesting point that has been mentioned but tangentially in the past. Your entire argument depends on the assumption that the 2nd Amend provides unrestricted access to purchase and carry guns. Regardless, if the restriction at issue passes muster under strict-scrutiny (assuming a lesser standard does not apply), then your rights have not been violated per the Constitution – restricted, maybe, but certainly not violated. Again, it all boils down to whose ox is being gored and how badly. My ox is doing fine!

  19. #19 by Cliff Lyon - November 2nd, 2009 at 18:43

    JD Berger,

    If you guys emailed me links to any peer reviewed analysis of Kleck, I missed them.

    I enthusiastically encourage you to post them here in a comment.

    I do vaguely recall several website entries that someone once claimed to validate Klecks study, but as I recall they were not published studies, but rather smart-ass sounding pro-gun rights types claiming some imaginary authority.

  20. #20 by james farmer - November 2nd, 2009 at 20:27

    jd:

    Good to hear from you again; best to you and yours.

    As you will certainly recognize, my commentary and willingness to concede points is lost on your colleagues these days; excepting, from time to time, the thoughtful commentary of Bob S. Perhaps the two of us can bring a modicum of rationality back to the debate?

  21. #21 by mikeb302000 - November 3rd, 2009 at 00:31

    Bob S., Isn’t it embarrassing for you to call me a liar when you support Prof. Kleck’s assertion that there are 2.5 million DGUs a year? Haven’t you repeatedly called me a liar for making claims that I didn’t back up with hard statistics? That’s exactly what Kleck has done. His contention is that many, the vast majority of DGUs are a brandishing of the gun which scares away the criminal, not requiring a police report and resulting in no injuries or shots fired. He may very well be right about this, but it’s pure speculation. It’s more or less what I’ve done myself. So why don’t you drop the name calling.

  22. #22 by Bob S. - November 3rd, 2009 at 02:39

    MikeB302000,

    Do you know what the word “liar” even means?

    Do you have reading comprehension failure syndrome also?

    Do you not notice the link I’ve provided in this thread to a study that supports Kleck and Gertz’s survey?

    That is supported with hard statistics?

    You’ve already have shown you don’t know how to tell truth from falsiity.

    Now you’ve shown that you don’t know how to tell statistical analysis of an accepted survey method from you made up guesses. Wow.

    Here are a couple of links that might help you out.
    1. What Kleck and Gertz did.
    2. What you did.

    If you have any trouble with any of the big words, let us know and we’ll explain them to you.

    Sorry, but I’m not going to stop calling you out on your lies and/or criminal past.

    You’ve admitted on at least 2 occasions that you’ve owned firearms illegally. You are so concerned with the “flow of guns’ yet you won’t talk about what you did with your illegally owned firearms.

    You advocate laws that you have not followed, right?
    Doesn’t that make you a hypocrite?

    You denied saying that you owned firearms illegally, doesn’t that make you a liar?

  23. #23 by Weer’d Beard - November 3rd, 2009 at 04:04

    Also note that MikeB keeps saying we need tighter laws to keep guns out of the hands of criminals….but refuses to talk about how he got guns criminally himself.

    This leads me to believe that the anti-gun side does not want their expressed goal of lower death and crime, but instead want an unstated goal.

  24. #24 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 07:16

    Bob & Weerd,

    You guys are classic cons. Whenever you find yourselves in a corner, you start attacking the messenger. Did you learn that defense form Rove and Cheney, or coaches at the NRA?

    Even if MikeB were a convicted felony liar, it wouldn’t change the fact that Gary Kleck’s findings are unsupportable. Does that make Kleck a liar? You decide.

    Oh, and Bob S, thanks for the link to the definition of sampling.

  25. #25 by Bob S. - November 3rd, 2009 at 08:16

    Cliff,

    Why do you continue to ignore the link I’ve provided from the Clinton Administration study supporting Kleck and Gertz’s conclusion?

    And as far as a peer reviewed study supporting Kleck and Gertz, How about this one sponsored by the Clinton administration?

    Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF respondents (0.8 percent of the sample), representing 1.5 million defensive users. This estimate is directly comparable to the well-known estimate of Kleck and Gertz, shown in the last column of exhibit 7. While the NSPOF estimate is smaller, it is statistically plausible that the difference is due to sampling error. Inclusion of multiple DGUs reported by half of the 19 NSPOF
    respondents increases the estimate to 4.7 million
    DGUs.

    Some troubling comparisons. If the DGU numbers are in the right ballpark, millions of attempted assaults, thefts, and break-ins were foiled by armed citizens during the 12-month period. According to these results, guns are used far more often to defend against crime than to perpetrate crime. (Firearms were used by perpetrators in 1.07 million incidents of violent crime in 1994, according to NCVS data.)

    I don’t have a problem with MikeB302000 owning firearms. What I have a problem with is someone who is hypocritically calling for more gun control laws — when the very ones he ignored when it was convenient for him didn’t stop him from criminally purchasing firearms.

    Mikeb302000 likes to blame gun owners for the “flow of guns” from legal to illegal but isn’t willing to take responsibility for his own part in that flow…isn’t that hypocritical?

    The reason why I’m pointing this out is to let folks know the types of folks who are supporting gun control.

    I wonder if this video explains some gun control advocates reasons for supporting gun control?

    Whenever you find yourselves in a corner, you start attacking the messenger.

    Naw Cliffy, I learned it right here from you. I am just employing your standard techniques but with two major differences: 1.) We aren’t losing the debate or our rights & 2.) I’m telling the truth about the people.

  26. #26 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 09:12

    Bob S,

    I am astounded, SHOCKED you would use the Clinton era study. It is perhaps the strongest refutation of Kleck’s numbers and I used it effectively to shut down David Hardy and Alan Korwin over a year ago. Not even they were dumb enough to reference it, so I am pleased, to say the least, that you set yourself up so perfectly. Chop chop chop.

    Herewith, I post the rest of the report which you conveniently left out.

    In addition to destroying Kleck’s results, it also impunes the integrity of gun owners (see reasons they gun owners lie at the bottom)

    Some troubling comparisons. If the DGU numbers are in the right ballpark, millions of attempted assaults, thefts, and break-ins were foiled by armed citizens during the 12-month period.
    According to these results, guns are used far more often to defend against crime than to perpetrate crime. (Firearms were used by perpetrators in 1.07 million incidents of violent crime in 1994, according to NCVS data.)
     
    Thus, it is of considerable interest and importance to check the reasonableness of the NSPOF estimates before embracing them. Because respondents were asked to describe only their most recent defensive gun use, our comparisons are conservative, as they assume only one defensive gun use per defender. The results still suggest that DGU estimates are far too high.
     
    For example, in only a small fraction of rape and robbery attempts do victims use guns in self-defense. It does not make sense, then, that the NSPOF estimate of the number of rapes in which a woman defended herself with a gun was more than the total number of rapes estimated from NCVS (exhibit 8). For other crimes listed in exhibit 8, the results are almost as absurd: the NSPOF estimate of DGU robberies is 36 percent of all NCVS-estimated robberies, while the NSPOF estimate of DGU assaults is 19 percent of all aggravated assaults. If those percentages were close to accurate, crime would be a risky business indeed!
     
    NSPOF estimates also suggest that 130,000 criminals are wounded or killed by civilian gun defenders. That number also appears completely out of line with other, more reliable statistics on the number of gunshot cases.[14]
     
    The evidence of bias in the DGU estimates is even stronger when one recalls that the DGU estimates are calculated using only the most recently reported DGU incidents of NSPOF respondents; as noted, about half of the respondents who reported a DGU indicated two or more in the preceding year. Although there are no details on the circumstances of those additional DGUs, presumably they are similar to the most recent case and provide evidence for additional millions of violent crimes foiled and perpetrators shot.
     
    False positives. Regardless of which estimates one believes, only a small fraction of adults have used guns defensively in 1994. The only question is whether that fraction is 1 in 1,800 (as one would conclude from the NCVS) or 1 in 100 (as indicated by the NSPOF estimate based on Kleck and Gertz’s criteria).
     
    Any estimate of the incidence of a rare event based on screening the general population is likely to have a positive bias. The reason can best be explained by use of an epidemiological framework.[15] Screening tests are always subject to error, whether the "test" is a medical examination for cancer or an interview question for DGUs. The errors are either "false negatives" or "false positives." If the latter tend to outnumber the former, the population prevalence will be exaggerated.
     
    The reason this sort of bias can be expected in the case of rare events boils down to a matter of arithmetic. Suppose the true prevalence is 1 in 1,000. Then out of every 1,000 respondents, only 1 can possibly supply a "false negative," whereas any of the 999 may provide a "false positive." If even 2 of the 999 provide a false positive, the result will be a positive bias–regardless of whether the one true positive tells the truth.  
     
    Respondents might falsely provide a positive response to the DGU question for any of a number of reasons:
     
    o They may want to impress the interviewer by their heroism and hence exaggerate a trivial event.
     
    o They may be genuinely confused due to substance abuse, mental illness, or simply less-than-accurate memories.
     
    o They may actually have used a gun defensively within the last couple of years but falsely report it as occurring in the previous year–a phenomenon known as "telescoping."
     
    Of course, it is easy to imagine the reasons why that rare respondent who actually did use a gun
    defensively within the time frame may have decided not to report it to the interviewer. But again, the arithmetic dictates that the false positives will likely predominate.
     
    In line with the theory that many DGU reports are exaggerated or falsified, we note that in some of these reports, the respondents’ answers to the followup items are not consistent with respondents’ reported DGUs. For example, of the 19 NSPOF respondents meeting the more restrictive Kleck and Gertz DGU criteria (exhibit 7), 6 indicated that the circumstance of the DGU was rape, robbery, or attack–but then responded "no" to a subsequent question: "Did the perpetrator threaten, attack, or injure you?"
     
    The key explanation for the difference between the 108,000 NCVS estimate for the annual number of DGUs and the several million from the surveys discussed earlier is that NCVS avoids the false-positive problem by limiting DGU questions to persons who first reported that they were crime victims. Most NCVS respondents never have a chance to answer the DGU question, falsely or otherwise.
     
    Unclear benefits and costs from gun uses. Even if one were clever enough to design a questionnaire that would weed out error, a problem in interpreting the result would remain. Should the number of DGUs serve as a measure of the public benefit of private gun possession, even in principle? When it comes to DGUs, is more better? That is doubtful, for two kinds of reasons:
     
    o First, people who draw their guns to defend themselves against perceived threats are not necessarily innocent victims; they may have started fights themselves or they may simply be mistaken about whether the other persons really intended to harm them. Survey interviewers must take the respondent’s word for what happened and why; a competent police investigation of the same incident would interview all parties before reaching a conclusion.
     
    o Second and more generally, the number of DGUs tells us little about the most important effects on crime of widespread gun ownership. When a high percentage of homes, vehicles, and even purses contain guns, that presumably has an important effect on the behavior of predatory criminals. Some may be deterred or diverted to other types of crime. Others may change tactics, acquiring a gun themselves or in some other way seeking to preempt gun use by the intended victim.[16] Such consequences presumably have an important effect on criminal victimization rates but are in no way  reflected in the DGU count.

    Another gun freak bites the dust!!!

  27. #27 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 09:27

    Bob S, This is my favorite one from the report YOU referenced;

    or example, in only a small fraction of rape and robbery attempts do victims use guns in self-defense. It does not make sense, then, that the NSPOF estimate of the number of rapes in which a woman defended herself with a gun was more than the total number of rapes estimated

    WTF?

  28. #28 by Bob S. - November 3rd, 2009 at 10:29

    Cliff,

    That really sounds more like gun banners not wanting to admit reality.

    or example, in only a small fraction of rape and robbery attempts do victims use guns in self-defense.

    They conveniently leave out the fact that is only for rape and robbery attempts reported to the police, right?

    I always find it amazing to try to understand the mindset of people like you and the two that wrote the report.

    Isn’t common sense to say that more crimes are attempted then succeed? Or are American criminals so good that every time they try to rob someone they get away with it?

    Isn’t it likely that a rapist will follow or try to rape several women before finally being able to get the circumstances that allow him to actually commit the crime?

    For example, of the 19 NSPOF respondents meeting the more restrictive Kleck and Gertz DGU criteria (exhibit 7), 6 indicated that the circumstance of the DGU was rape, robbery, or attack–but then responded “no” to a subsequent question: “Did the perpetrator threaten, attack, or injure you?”

    Again, let’s look at the criteria they are using to try to discredit the Defensive Gun Use (DGU).

    Did the perpetrator threaten you? Meaning did the perpetrator say anything that could be interpreted as a threat?
    Isn’t it likely that many perpetrators would speak before an attack yet their very actions would be threatening? An entirely different criteria, right?

    Or how about attack? If a person uses a firearm to stop a potential attack then the perpetrator couldn’t have attacked…simple logic.

    The display of a firearm has prevented criminals from starting their attack, surely even you agree with that right?

    Or injure? Hmm, let’s see a defensive gun uses that stops at attack before harm can be caused means that there wasn’t an attack?

    You’ve asked for a study which validates Kleck and Gertz. I’ve provided it.

    Even if the researchers didn’t like the conclusion of their study it clearly points out the fact that 2.5 Million Defensive Gun uses isn’t impossible.

    Second and more generally, the number of DGUs tells us little about the most important effects on crime of widespread gun ownership.

    i agree with this statement. What is interesting is combining the reports on Defensive Gun Uses, with information about the increases in gun ownership, with the increases in concealed carry permits and crime data.

    You don’t deny that there has been an increase in the number of firearms owned by civilians, do you?

    You don’t deny that there has been an increase in the number of people with concealed carry permits, do you?

    You don’t deny that crime rates are dropping, do you?

    So, guess that kind puts paid to the tired meme of “more guns =more deaths” and “more guns = more crime”, eh?

  29. #29 by jdberger - November 3rd, 2009 at 10:37

    Hi James. Nice to see (read) you, too.

    I’d love to bring back rational discussion but don’t have much hope.

    I’ve also learned something from watching politics all these years. It’s not worth debating when you are winning.

    With the success of Heller, the pending success of MacDonald, the “woe is me” attitude of “anti-rights” icons like Josh Sugarman, Paul Helmke and Tom Diaz and the continued restoration of gun rights across the nation – it’s pretty clear that the forces on the side of civil rights are winning.

    So why debate?

    Because in the end, it doesn’t matter if hunters have a chance at a duck or deer. It doesn’t matter if Kleck’s numbers are right, or even close. Wajt does matter is that firearms are unparalled in their utility for self defense. It does matter that goverments are wary of armed citizens. And it does matter that the framers or our Republic thought it important enough to enumerate the right to arms.

    Cliff can blather on with his tired, rehashed circular argument all he likes. It drives his post counts much more than his creepy Olberman hero worship – but the die was cast centuries ago.

    Folks are simply coming to grips with it.

  30. #30 by Weer’d Beard - November 3rd, 2009 at 10:52

    Great Comment JD!

  31. #31 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 10:54

    Bob S,

    Just when I thought you couldn’t get any more rediculous…

    I always find it amazing to try to understand the mindset of people like you and the two that wrote the report.

    So now, you are attacking me AND the people who wrote the very report you initially held out as confirmation of Klecks numbers.

    Then you insist that their report DOES confirm the Kleck study by saying,

    Even if the researchers didn’t like the conclusion of their study it clearly points out the fact that 2.5 Million Defensive Gun uses isn’t impossible.

    …by using the old, “you can’t prove it isn’t true” strategy. Hey! Thats the same argument for the existence of God.

    Followed by a bunch of “You don’t deny” completely unrelated to the Kleck study (change the subject)

    Look fucknuts, I addressed your shit, now you address mine and try not to pretend you are an expert on crime.

    How the hell do you explain the the fact that the study not only disputes Kleck, but demonstrates the unreliability of studies participants by virtue of the fact that gun owning women claim more attempted rapes that ANY estimate of annual rapes?

    Oh yeah, you already did dispute that with your new found, unilateral decision that

    “Isn’t common sense to say that more crimes are attempted then succeed? Or are American criminals so good that every time they try to rob someone they get away with it?

    Isn’t it likely that a rapist will follow or try to rape several women before finally being able to get the circumstances that allow him to actually commit the crime?

    No Bob, it is not common sense and luckily, we don’t have to speculate, we have tons of real experts on the subject of crime who preclude our need to speculate (and/or call it common sense).

    Commons sense says look it up!

    And yes, Bob, I agree that crime is dropping. But I have NEVER seen ANYBODY claim that it is because of gun ownership…except you.

    Not even your friends are backing you on this one.

  32. #32 by James farmer - November 3rd, 2009 at 11:01

    It does matter that goverments are wary of armed citizens.

    Precisely, jd, and this is why the debate continues. Everyone agrees that some restrictions are both necessary and pass muster under the constitution. There will, however, be limits on the restrictions. And thus the debate continues on the road toward defining and implementing those limits.

  33. #33 by Bob S. - November 3rd, 2009 at 11:31

    Cliff,

    My friends aren’t “backing” me on this because there is no need.

    The study didn’t dispute Kleck it confirmed it. If the study had found fewer defensive gun uses then Kleck, then it would disputed Kleck.

    For those One Utah authors that have reading comprehension failure syndrome, here it is again:

    Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF respondents (0.8 percent of the sample), representing 1.5 million defensive users. This
    estimate is directly comparable to the well-known estimate of Kleck and Gertz,
    shown in the last column of exhibit 7.

    Is that not the conclusion of the survey they conducted?

    You asked for and received proof that the number of defensive gun uses as reported by Kleck and Gertz was confirmed. This study confirmed that information.

    Now, you are crying because you don’t want to hear the truth.

    Look fucknuts, I addressed your shit, now you address mine and try not to pretend you are an expert on crime.

    I can always tell when you are desperate. You start calling names. Keep going, show everyone how civil, polite and well manner gun control advocates are.
    Next, I’ve never claimed nor pretended to be an expert…isn’t that your trick?

    Oh yeah, you already did dispute that with your new found, unilateral decision that

    Your reading comprehension issues are acting up again. The little symbol “?” at the end of the sentence indicates an interrogatory sentence. I’m asking the question…not making an expert claim.

    Do you deny the fact that is it reasonable to say that more crimes are attempted then what are actually committed?

    Let’s look at some evidence since you are so uncomfortable with common sense.

    1 out of every 6 American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime (14.8% completed rape; 2.8% attempted rape).1

    The Census Bureau estimates the female population to be 152,819,203

    2.3% of 152,819,203 equals = 3,514,841 attempted rapes.

    In 2008, the estimated number of forcible rapes (89,000)—the lowest figure in the last 20 years—decreased 1.6 percent from the 2007 estimate. The estimated volume of rapes in 2008 was 6.4 percent lower than in 2004 and was 0.5 percent below the 1999 level. (See Tables 1 and 1A.)

    Do you dispute the FBI’s assertion?

    According to the 1999 United States National Crime Victimization Survey, only 39% of rapes and sexual assaults were reported to law enforcement officials.

    So, we have underreporting of actual rapes as a strong possibility.

    Then isn’t it safe to say that we also have an under reporting of attempted rapes?

    Isn’t it feasible, scientifically and with some common sense, to suggest that more rapes are attempted then what are actually committed?

    Guess common sense and the statistics agree, eh Cliffy?

  34. #34 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 14:53

    There is no way any sane person can suggest this is the conclusion of the study

    “Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF respondents (0.8 percent of the sample), representing 1.5 million defensive users. This
    estimate is directly comparable to the well-known estimate of Kleck and Gertz, shown in the last column of exhibit 7.”

    The paper goes on to explain WHY those results are invalid.

    “The results still suggest that DGU estimates are far too high.”

  35. #35 by Bob S. - November 3rd, 2009 at 14:54

    And do they provide EVIDENCE or just their opinions?

  36. #36 by Cliff Lyon - November 3rd, 2009 at 18:05

    I think they state their evidence quite clearly.

    For example, the sample extrapolated out to numbers that far exceeded to total number of rapes/year.

    Thats evidence.

    If you have to ask if they were stating opinions, you do not understand academic standards or the difference.

    That fact puts you squarely in the conspiracy camp. No wonder you hold so tightly to your guns.

    You think you may need them to oppose government tyranny.

    Right?

  37. #37 by anonymous - November 3rd, 2009 at 18:56

    Holding tightly to his guns digby waited as the assay was conducted.The sample extrapolated a proportion of value not to exceed the total sum of the number of avalable rocks, the difference was in understanding the standards as duly stated, as needed to oppose any government tyranny with regards to sleights of weights and measures.

  38. #38 by mikeb302000 - November 4th, 2009 at 00:05

    Bob S. and Weer’d, What’s wrong with your side of the argument that you find it necessary to spend so much time writing about me and focusing on my past? That’s what we call “personal attacking” and as Cliff mentioned it’s a shabby tactic used in debate.
    Above you said “at least two times” I mentioned my having owned guns illegally. Well, it was exactly 2 times and you know it since you’ve lived and breathed this thing for months. Meanwhile, Weer’d your buddy said I had been “bragging about it all over the internet.” He repeated that several times. This is another lie that you endorsed. And this is what I denied, not my original statement but the fact that I’d been “bragging about it all over the internet.” You know that very well, yet you say I lied about the whole thing.

    I’m afraid, Bob, you and Weer’d and Linoge whom you keep linking to, are sick men obsessed with what you see as a battle between yourselves and the gun control folks. Your obsession has warped your thinking to the point of blurring the boundaries of what’s acceptable behavior and what’s not. You justify lying in yourselves and accuse others of being liars, which is a good description of hypocrisy, another epithet you keep slinging at others. I suppose you feel since you’re in a “war” anything is justified, but it’s not, Bob.

  39. #39 by Weer’d Beard - November 4th, 2009 at 03:54

    You seem to write a lot about yourself too, MikeB, and not really doing jack or shit to refute our points.

    God I love the smell of Irony and Ignorance in the morning, it smells like victory over a Felon for Gun Control!

  40. #40 by Bob S. - November 4th, 2009 at 07:48

    MikeB302000,

    necessary to spend so much time writing about me and focusing on my past?

    Don’t flatter yourself Sparky, it only takes a few minutes of time to mention your hypocrisy, lies and involvement with illegally owned firearms.

    That’s what we call “personal attacking” and as Cliff mentioned it’s a shabby tactic used in debate.

    The most ironic part of that comment is that you don’t realize how ironic it is.

    Cliff is well known for his personal attacks. Heck, I started coming around here because he called Alan Korwin a liar.

    You allow personal attacks to be posted in the comments if they are against gun owners or 2nd amendment advocates but don’t approve comments that show the hypocrisy of your position even if they aren’t personal attacks.

    I suppose you feel since you’re in a “war” anything is justified, but it’s not, Bob.

    And more irony from you MIkeB. You seem to think that any infringement of the rights of others are okay as long as it might possibly, someday, someway, if everything goes right it could reduce crime or injury.

    What war are you fighting MikeB302000 that you think it is acceptable to violate the rights of innocent people because of the actions of criminals?

    Pointing out the nature of the people who oppose freedom isn’t unacceptable behavior. You seem not to like it because it shows you for what you are.

  41. #41 by James farmer - November 4th, 2009 at 16:33

    Weer’d and Bob:

    I must hand it to you, that was a nice dodge on both your parts this time around. Mike raises very valid points, and not one of you responds to those points. Instead you respond to something entirely different. Indeed, I think there is a bit of hypocricy in there for both of you this time.

    Cat got your tongues?

  42. #42 by Weer’d Beard - November 4th, 2009 at 18:43

    Hey look, James is accusing others of Dodging!

    That’s IRONY! Funny! ; ]

  43. #43 by Bob S. - November 4th, 2009 at 19:11

    James,

    I thought I did respond to his points. Which did I mention?

    How about the comment

    That’s what we call “personal attacking” and as Cliff mentioned it’s a shabby tactic used in debate.

    Did I not discuss that?

    Gun Lobby Liars, Gary Kleck, Alan Korwin, National Rifle Association (NRA) Continue to Deceive Americans | One Utah

    That is the name of the tab when i open this post….Cliff says that personal attacks are shabby?
    While calling us liars? Hypocrisy anyone?

    MikeB302000 who admits to owning firearms illegally spends much time on his blog discussing how “10%” of gun owners shouldn’t own firearms. Sounds like a personal attack, right?

    Does he support his idea with any facts, evidence, statistics? Anything? Nope.

    It doesn’t take long to respond to his lies, distortions. We’ve done it repeatedly over the past 18 or so months.

    To use an analogy that MikeB302000 hates; if a person producing child pron was advocating laws that he would ignore but would restrict your 1st amendment rights, wouldn’t you want to know what type of person he was?

    I’m not saying that MikeB302000 has anything to do with that crime.

    Is it wrong to let people know that MikeB302000 didn’t obey gun control laws and is now advocating more gun control laws?

    He repeated that several times. This is another lie that you endorsed. And this is what I denied, not my original statement but the fact that I’d been “bragging about it all over the internet.”

    We addressed this over at his site. MikeB302000 lied about it by saying that Weer’d was making things up or making personal attacks

    Weer’d repeatedly made requests for information about MikeB302000’s ilegally owned firearms. Those comments were deleted repeatedly with MikeB302000 calling them slander, lies and personal attacks.

    By repeatedly denying the validity of Weer’d’s claims, MikeB302000 repeatedly lied.

    Walls of the City covered this

    Weer’d Beard covered this
    Armed and Safe addressed this (link available but worried about spam filter)
    I covered it

    So to say that we haven’t addressed MikeB302000 points is a little inaccurate. We just haven’t gone it all here again.

    So, if this post makes it past the spam filter, what parts of MikeB302000’s comments didn’t I address?

  44. #44 by Cliff Lyon - November 8th, 2009 at 08:11

    Bob S,

    If your life depended on it, do you think you could come up with a convincing argument for why MikeB’s so called “repeated lies” might pale in comparison to Alan Korwin’s lies on C-Span?

    Im really curious if you can tell the difference.

  45. #45 by Cliff Lyon - November 8th, 2009 at 08:50

    Ok Weer’d I just wasted 10 minutes carefully reading through your post “MikeB302000, Liar, or Criminal Liar?” and I was unable to see where exactly you demonstrate that MikeB lied.

    What I did read, was the kind of incoherent rant one might expect from a drunk high school drop out who’s never been in a significant position of authority and as such has never needed to defend such accusations.

    One would think, If MikeB really did lie, that one could easily point out the lie.

    It would be really easy. Here’s an example of what I mean…

    Alan Korwin said “Guns save hundreds of thousands of lives a year.”

    This is a lie.

    When challenged to defend that statement, Alan Korwin invoked the Kleck study. But the Kleck study does not say lives were saved anywhere. Kleck’s was a study about defensive gun uses (DUG) not lives saved.

    See how easy that is?

    So, if MikeB lied, tell us exactly what he said that is untrue.

    All I could find were comments like “So certainly MikeB HAS to be lying here no matter what. I would say that the majority of his “Biography” given is fictitious” or “This scenario would still make him a liar,” or “So is MikeB a Liar, or a Lying Criminal? I don’t know, but let’s play devil’s advocate and say he’s just lying about the guns, as well as his biography.”

    How about, “No matter what, MikeB is a classic liar from the anti-freedom, pro-ignorance front”

    Im sorry Weer’d, I just couldn’t see where you’ve shown that MikeB has lied.

    But here’s the really stupid part. Your entire argument claims that if MikeB is a liar, therefore his arguments about gun’s and gun policy is somehow not valid.

    That logic does not follow. Even if you could prove someone is a liar, it does not change the truth of the facts he uses to make his arguments.

  46. #46 by Bob S. - November 10th, 2009 at 11:29

    Cliff,

    As always you have it backwards

    why MikeB’s so called “repeated lies” might pale in comparison to Alan Korwin’s lies on C-Span?

    First, evidence presented, repeatedly shows that Mr. Korwin didn’t lie. You can repeat it all you want but the facts remain. Defensive Gun uses are established facts and the numbers have been verified by different studies.

    MikeB302000 has repeated lies – such as “90% of all firearms confiscated in Mexico”. Even after multiple attempts to convince him of the truth, even after multiple citations of the actual facts and numbers MikeB302000 lied. Only after months of repeating the lie did he stop.

    Next and most important, MikeB302000 lies are directed at trying to restrict our rights. Alan Korwin statements did not try to restrict anyone’s rights.

    MikeB30200 lied by calling Weer’d’s statements unfounded and a personal attack. He called Weer’d a liar multiple times when Weer’d ONLY asked about his ownership of illegal guns. Not the “bragging” but simply calling Weer’d a liar and was making personal attacks.

    If MikeB302000 owned firearms illegally, as he has admitted, then he has direct personal evidence that the gun control laws he is advocating do not work.
    MikeB302000 has repeatedly claimed that gun control laws work….yet the laws didn’t stop him from illegally purchasing a firearm, did they?

    Your entire argument claims that if MikeB is a liar, therefore his arguments about gun’s and gun policy is somehow not valid.

    I would like a citation of Weer’d’s or my comments that claim this or would that be too close to calling you a liar?

    What we state is simply this- Should trust a person who says they have your best interest in mind after that person has been proven to be a liar?

    MikeB302000 has lied repeatedly about his ownership of firearms and the effectiveness of gun control laws. What else is he lying about?

  47. #47 by Cliff Lyon - November 10th, 2009 at 13:29

    “Defensive Gun uses are established facts and the numbers have been verified by different studies.”

    Bob S, Show me ONE! Just one!

  48. #48 by Bob S. - November 10th, 2009 at 15:16

    Cliff,

    I’ve shown you two studies. Kleck and Gertz was one.

    The other study — commissioned by the Clinton administration was the other.

    While the authors may not like the results of their survey, that survey confirmed Kleck and Gertz.

    Not one piece of evidence was submitted to show the results weren’t valid. NOT ONE.

    They just said We don’t like it, this study shows that guns prevent more crimes then what happens.

    Did they present any evidence showing that firearms didn’t prevent more rapes then were reported? NOPE.

    Also notice who you entirely skip over how MikeB302000 has been lying and how that fact undermines gun control laws.

  49. #49 by Cliff Lyon - November 10th, 2009 at 20:22

    Kleck is one? Kleck is the one in question. Why would you use it to supports its conclusion?

    The Clinton one tested the Kleck methodology and came up with 4 million DGU and twice the accepted number of rapes/year.

    Are you confined by any chance?

  50. #50 by Weer’d Beard - November 13th, 2009 at 10:33

  51. #51 by Uncle Rico - December 28th, 2009 at 09:17

    So, at the risk of incurring the wrath those gun owners who feel that their constitutional rights are being jeopardized anytime anyone even dares to ask about the actual and/or potential negative consequences of gun ownership, I’d be interested in hearing ideas about how this issue should be addressed. How do you deal with the clean up costs of irresponsible bubbas who haul a bunch of shit out to the desert, fill it full of lead, and then leave it there for the taxpayer to clean up? Or those who feel the need to exercise their 2nd amendment rights by blasting signs and other public property to smithereens? Or the non-bubbas who use BLM lands for practice and then litter the public domain with empty shell casings and lead?

    Do we tax ammo much like we do cigarettes now and use those proceeds to clean up after shooters? Do we increase enforcement by hiring more rangers and other federal law enforcment personnel and fine the bejesus out violators? If so, how do you apportion the costs? Do we demand stricter self-regulation by the NRA and other pro-guns groups and hope they do the job that they are not doing now? Or do we simply throw our hands up and conclude that the expense of cleaning up after shooters is the cost of the 2nd amendment?

    BTW, I get that gun owners are not the only ones despoiling our public lands. I’ve seen first-hand the refuse left behind by other public land users and the referenced articles is not about shooter per se. But I’m interested specifically in how we solve this piece of the puzzle since it potentially involves issues that don’t arise when we’re merely talking about an ATV rider who is the first one to talk about rights, but the last one to talk about responsibility.

    Thoughts?

  52. #52 by jdberger - December 31st, 2009 at 20:33

    Rico.

    Prosecute them. Exercising your 2A rights doesn’t give you the right to dump your trash in the desert.

    Yes, ammo and guns are taxed to maintain public lands (sorry for the mangled sentence).

    Lots of gun groups (local and grassroots) organize public land cleanups. We do what we can.

    BTW – I didn’t read the article yet – just responding to the post (which was a great question).

    Happy New Year.

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